Updated for Python3, and to get image format directly

Requesting the correct image format direcly makes the request faster,
as PNG is much smaller. This also removes the external dependency on
the Pillow library.

OscScreenGrabLAN.py

 from telnetlib_receive_all import Telnet
 from Rigol_functions import *
 import time
-from PIL import Image
-import StringIO
 import sys
 import os
 import platform
 
 
 def print_help():
-    print
-    print "Usage:"
-    print "    " + "python " + script_name + " png|bmp|csv [oscilloscope_IP [save_path]]"
-    print
-    print "Usage examples:"
-    print "    " + "python " + script_name + " png"
-    print "    " + "python " + script_name + " csv 192.168.1.3"
-    print
-    print "The following usage cases are not yet implemented:"
-    print "    " + "python " + script_name + " bmp 192.168.1.3 my_place_for_captures"
-    print
-    print "This program captures either the waveform or the whole screen"
-    print "    of a Rigol DS1000Z series oscilloscope, then save it on the computer"
-    print "    as a CSV, PNG or BMP file with a timestamp in the file name."
-    print
-    print "    The program is using LXI protocol, so the computer"
-    print "    must have LAN connection with the oscilloscope."
-    print "    USB and/or GPIB connections are not used by this software."
-    print
-    print "    No VISA, IVI or Rigol drivers are needed."
-    print
+    print ()
+    print ("Usage:")
+    print ("    " + "python " + script_name + " png|bmp|csv [oscilloscope_IP [save_path]]")
+    print ()
+    print ("Usage examples:")
+    print ("    " + "python " + script_name + " png")
+    print ("    " + "python " + script_name + " csv 192.168.1.3")
+    print ()
+    print ("The following usage cases are not yet implemented:")
+    print ("    " + "python " + script_name + " bmp 192.168.1.3 my_place_for_captures")
+    print ()
+    print ("This program captures either the waveform or the whole screen")
+    print ("    of a Rigol DS1000Z series oscilloscope, then save it on the computer")
+    print ("    as a CSV, PNG or BMP file with a timestamp in the file name.")
+    print ()
+    print ("    The program is using LXI protocol, so the computer")
+    print ("    must have LAN connection with the oscilloscope.")
+    print ("    USB and/or GPIB connections are not used by this software.")
+    print ()
+    print ("    No VISA, IVI or Rigol drivers are needed.")
+    print ()
 
 # Read/verify file type
 if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
     sys.exit("Warning - wrong command line parameters.")
 elif sys.argv[1].lower() not in ["png", "bmp", "csv"]:
     print_help()
-    print "This file type is not supported: ", sys.argv[1]
+    print ("This file type is not supported: ", sys.argv[1])
     sys.exit("ERROR")
 
 file_format = sys.argv[1].lower()
     response = os.system("ping -c 1 " + IP_DS1104Z + " > /dev/null")
 
 if response != 0:
-    print
-    print "WARNING! No response pinging " + IP_DS1104Z
-    print "Check network cables and settings."
-    print "You should be able to ping the oscilloscope."
+    print ()
+    print ("WARNING! No response pinging " + IP_DS1104Z)
+    print ("Check network cables and settings.")
+    print ("You should be able to ping the oscilloscope.")
 
 # Open a modified telnet session
 # The default telnetlib drops 0x00 characters,
 #   so a modified library 'telnetlib_receive_all' is used instead
 tn = Telnet(IP_DS1104Z, port)
-instrument_id = command(tn, "*IDN?")    # ask for instrument ID
+instrument_id = command(tn, "*IDN?").decode()    # ask for instrument ID
 
 # Check if instrument is set to accept LAN commands
 if instrument_id == "command error":
-    print "Instrument reply:", instrument_id
-    print "Check the oscilloscope settings."
-    print "Utility -> IO Setting -> RemoteIO -> LAN must be ON"
+    print ("Instrument reply:", instrument_id)
+    print ("Check the oscilloscope settings.")
+    print ("Utility -> IO Setting -> RemoteIO -> LAN must be ON")
     sys.exit("ERROR")
 
 # Check if instrument is indeed a Rigol DS1000Z series
 id_fields = instrument_id.split(",")
 if (id_fields[company] != "RIGOL TECHNOLOGIES") or \
         (id_fields[model][:3] != "DS1") or (id_fields[model][-1] != "Z"):
-    print "Found instrument model", "'" + id_fields[model] + "'", "from", "'" + id_fields[company] + "'"
-    print "WARNING: No Rigol from series DS1000Z found at", IP_DS1104Z
-    print
+    print ("Found instrument model '{}' from '{}'".format(id_fields[model], id_fields[company]))
+    print ("WARNING: No Rigol from series DS1000Z found at", IP_DS1104Z)
+    print ()
     typed = raw_input("ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT TO CONTINUE? (No/Yes):")
     if typed != 'Yes':
         sys.exit('Nothing done. Bye!')
 
-print "Instrument ID:",
-print instrument_id
+print ("Instrument ID:", instrument_id)
 
 # Prepare filename as C:\MODEL_SERIAL_YYYY-MM-DD_HH.MM.SS
 timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S", time.localtime())
 
 if file_format in ["png", "bmp"]:
     # Ask for an oscilloscope display print screen
-    print "Receiving screen capture..."
-    buff = command(tn, ":DISP:DATA?")
+    print ("Receiving screen capture...")
+
+    if file_format == "png":
+    	buff = command(tn, ":DISP:DATA? ON,OFF,PNG")
+    else:
+    	buff = command(tn, ":DISP:DATA? ON,OFF,BMP8")
 
     expectedBuffLen = expected_buff_bytes(buff)
     # Just in case the transfer did not complete in the expected time, read the remaining 'buff' chunks
     while len(buff) < expectedBuffLen:
         logging.warning("Received LESS data then expected! (" +
                         str(len(buff)) + " out of " + str(expectedBuffLen) + " expected 'buff' bytes.)")
-        tmp = tn.read_until("\n", smallWait)
+        tmp = tn.read_until(b"\n", smallWait)
         if len(tmp) == 0:
             break
         buff += tmp
     expectedDataLen = expected_data_bytes(buff)
     buff = buff[tmcHeaderLen: tmcHeaderLen+expectedDataLen]
 
-    # Save as PNG or BMP according to file_format
-    im = Image.open(StringIO.StringIO(buff))
-    im.save(filename + "." + file_format, file_format)
-    print "Saved file:", "'" + filename + "." + file_format + "'"
+    # Write raw data to file
+    full_file_name = filename + '.' + file_format
+    with open(full_file_name, 'wb') as f:
+    	f.write(buff)
+    print('Saved raw data to {}'.format(full_file_name))
 
 # TODO: Change WAV:FORM from ASC to BYTE
 elif file_format == "csv":
 
     # for each active channel
     for channel in chanList:
-        print
+        print ()
 
         # Set WAVE parameters
         command(tn, ":WAV:SOUR " + channel)
             command(tn, ":WAV:STOP 1200")
 
         buff = ""
-        print "Data from channel '" + str(channel) + "', points " + str(1) + "-" + str(1200) + ": Receiving..."
+        print ("Data from channel '" + str(channel) + "', points " + str(1) + "-" + str(1200) + ": Receiving...")
         buffChunk = command(tn, ":WAV:DATA?")
 
         # Just in case the transfer did not complete in the expected time
             logging.warning("The data transfer did not complete in the expected time of " +
                             str(smallWait) + " second(s).")
 
-            tmp = tn.read_until("\n", smallWait)
+            tmp = tn.read_until(b"\n", smallWait)
             if len(tmp) == 0:
                 break
             buffChunk += tmp
     scr_file.write(csv_buff)
     scr_file.close()
 
-    print "Saved file:", "'" + filename + "." + file_format + "'"
+    print ("Saved file:", "'" + filename + "." + file_format + "'")
 
 tn.close()

Rigol_functions.py

     logging.info("SCPI to be sent: " + scpi)
     answer_wait_s = 1
     response = ""
-    while response != "1\n":
+    while response != b"1\n":
         tn.write("*OPC?\n")  # previous operation(s) has completed ?
         logging.info("Send SCPI: *OPC? # May I send a command? 1==yes")
-        response = tn.read_until("\n", 1)  # wait max 1s for an answer
-        logging.info("Received response: " + response)
+        response = tn.read_until(b"\n", 1)  # wait max 1s for an answer
+        logging.info("Received response!")
 
     tn.write(scpi + "\n")
     logging.info("Sent SCPI: " + scpi)
-    response = tn.read_until("\n", answer_wait_s)
-    logging.info("Received response: " + response)
+    response = tn.read_until(b"\n", answer_wait_s)
+    logging.info("Received response!")
     return response
 
 
 #   The integer will be the length of the data stream (in bytes)
 # after all the data bytes, the last char is '\n'
 def tmc_header_bytes(buff):
-    return 2 + int(buff[1])
+    return 2 + int(buff[1:2])
 
 
 def expected_data_bytes(buff):

captures/DS1104Z_DS1ZA164658712_2015-05-25_00.49.07.csv

-chan1,chan4,math
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-1.799976e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-2.279975e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-3.359975e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.119998e+00,-3.359975e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-3.479975e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.679980e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.039998e+00,-3.679976e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.079981e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.079977e+01
--7.271767e-06,-1.788139e-07,-4.279978e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.759980e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.279978e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.879988e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.359978e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.959981e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.879980e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.559979e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.079985e+01
--8.000727e-02,-8.000018e-02,-4.679980e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-5.679984e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.959981e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.959981e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.679984e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.879980e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.559987e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.959981e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.359982e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.479983e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.079981e+01
-7.999273e-02,-1.788139e-07,-7.079989e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.079981e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.759984e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.359982e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.279982e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.159985e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.159982e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.359986e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.279982e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.559983e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-5.879984e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.279982e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-8.279993e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.279982e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.679984e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.479983e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.679987e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.359982e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.279986e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.559983e+01
--7.271767e-06,3.999982e-02,-5.679984e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.159985e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.479983e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.159989e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.479983e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.879984e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.879984e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.559983e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.359990e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.479983e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.679984e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.679984e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.559987e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.359982e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.759988e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.479983e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.759984e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.959985e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.479983e+01
--7.271767e-06,3.999982e-02,-7.879992e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.359982e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.879984e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.559983e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.359982e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.559987e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.279982e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.159985e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.359982e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.359982e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.959985e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.159982e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.879988e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.999998e+00,-5.159982e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.359982e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.479983e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-7.079989e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.879980e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.479983e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.959981e+01
-7.999273e-02,-1.788139e-07,-4.759980e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.559983e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.479979e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.559983e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.359978e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.479979e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.559979e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-3.879977e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.959988e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-3.359975e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-3.359975e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-2.199975e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.999998e+00,-2.279975e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.359978e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-3.359975e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.559979e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-3.959977e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.279978e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-4.959981e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-4.279978e+01
--7.271767e-06,-1.788139e-07,-6.159985e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.559979e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.959981e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.079981e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-4.759980e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.959988e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-4.879980e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.559983e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.159982e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.159982e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.079981e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.359986e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.279982e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.119998e+00,-5.559983e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.999998e+00,-5.879984e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.279982e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-8.879996e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.879984e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.679984e+01
--7.271767e-06,-1.788139e-07,-5.559983e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.759988e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.479983e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.359986e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.679984e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.759984e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.359986e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.559983e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.759991e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.679984e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.759984e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-7.559991e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.759984e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.559987e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.959985e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.959985e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.759988e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-5.759984e+01
--7.271767e-06,-1.788139e-07,-7.279990e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.079985e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.079985e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.279986e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-5.959985e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-8.279993e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-5.879984e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.559987e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.159985e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.079985e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.159989e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-5.959985e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.279990e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.359986e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.679987e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.079985e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-7.959992e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.279986e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.479987e+01
--7.271767e-06,3.999982e-02,-6.279986e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-8.079993e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.159985e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.959988e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.279986e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.479987e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.959988e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.159985e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.759991e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.359986e+01
-2.959992e+00,2.999998e+00,-6.679987e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.679987e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.279986e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.559991e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.359986e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.999998e+00,-6.959988e+01
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-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.759991e+01
-2.879992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.759988e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.559987e+01
--7.271767e-06,-1.788139e-07,-6.559987e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.679987e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.479987e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.479990e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.679987e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.279990e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.359986e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.559991e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.079989e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.359986e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-6.959988e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.479987e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.759991e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.999998e+00,-6.679987e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.679991e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-8.759995e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.559987e+01
-2.879992e+00,3.079998e+00,-7.959992e+01
-3.039992e+00,2.959998e+00,-6.879988e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.879988e+01
--7.271767e-06,3.999982e-02,-6.679987e+01
-7.999273e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.479990e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.759991e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.359990e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.159989e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-6.879988e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-7.079989e+01
--8.000727e-02,7.999982e-02,-7.479990e+01
-7.999273e-02,-4.000018e-02,-6.479987e+01
--8.000727e-02,-4.000018e-02,-8.159993e+01
-2.959992e+00,3.039998e+00,-7.479990e+01
-3.039992e+00,3.079998e+00,-6.679987e+01

telnetlib_receive_all.py

 >>> from telnetlib import Telnet
 >>> tn = Telnet('www.python.org', 79)   # connect to finger port
 >>> tn.write('guido\r\n')
->>> print tn.read_all()
+>>> print (tn.read_all())
 Login       Name               TTY         Idle    When    Where
 guido    Guido van Rossum      pts/2        <Dec  2 11:10> snag.cnri.reston..
 
         self.port = port
         self.timeout = timeout
         self.sock = None
-        self.rawq = ''
+        self.rawq = b''
         self.irawq = 0
-        self.cookedq = ''
+        self.cookedq = b''
         self.eof = 0
-        self.iacseq = '' # Buffer for IAC sequence.
+        self.iacseq = b'' # Buffer for IAC sequence.
         self.sb = 0 # flag for SB and SE sequence.
-        self.sbdataq = ''
+        self.sbdataq = b''
         self.option_callback = None
         self._has_poll = hasattr(select, 'poll')
         if host is not None:
 
         """
         if self.debuglevel > 0:
-            print 'Telnet(%s,%s):' % (self.host, self.port),
+            print ('Telnet(%s,%s):' % (self.host, self.port),)
             if args:
-                print msg % args
+                print (msg % args)
             else:
-                print msg
+                print (msg)
 
     def set_debuglevel(self, debuglevel):
         """Set the debug level.
         sock = self.sock
         self.sock = 0
         self.eof = 1
-        self.iacseq = ''
+        self.iacseq = b''
         self.sb = 0
         if sock:
             sock.close()
         if IAC in buffer:
             buffer = buffer.replace(IAC, IAC+IAC)
         self.msg("send %r", buffer)
-        self.sock.sendall(buffer)
+        self.sock.sendall(bytes(buffer, 'ascii'))
 
     def read_until(self, match, timeout=None):
         """Read until a given string is encountered or until timeout.
             self.fill_rawq()
             self.process_rawq()
         buf = self.cookedq
-        self.cookedq = ''
+        self.cookedq = b''
         return buf
 
     def read_some(self):
             self.fill_rawq()
             self.process_rawq()
         buf = self.cookedq
-        self.cookedq = ''
+        self.cookedq = b''
         return buf
 
     def read_very_eager(self):
 
         """
         buf = self.cookedq
-        self.cookedq = ''
+        self.cookedq = b''
         if not buf and self.eof and not self.rawq:
-            raise EOFError, 'telnet connection closed'
+            raise EOFError ('telnet connection closed')
         return buf
 
     def read_sb_data(self):
 
         """
         buf = self.sbdataq
-        self.sbdataq = ''
+        self.sbdataq = b''
         return buf
 
     def set_option_negotiation_callback(self, callback):
         the midst of an IAC sequence.
 
         """
-        buf = ['', '']
+        buf = [b'', b'']
         try:
             while self.rawq:
                 c = self.rawq_getchar()
                         self.iacseq += c
                         continue
 
-                    self.iacseq = ''
+                    self.iacseq = b''
                     if c == IAC:
                         buf[self.sb] = buf[self.sb] + c
                     else:
                         if c == SB: # SB ... SE start.
                             self.sb = 1
-                            self.sbdataq = ''
+                            self.sbdataq = b''
                         elif c == SE:
                             self.sb = 0
                             self.sbdataq = self.sbdataq + buf[1]
-                            buf[1] = ''
+                            buf[1] = b''
                         if self.option_callback:
                             # Callback is supposed to look into
                             # the sbdataq
                             self.msg('IAC %d not recognized' % ord(c))
                 elif len(self.iacseq) == 2:
                     cmd = self.iacseq[1]
-                    self.iacseq = ''
+                    self.iacseq = b''
                     opt = c
                     if cmd in (DO, DONT):
                         self.msg('IAC %s %d',
                         if self.option_callback:
                             self.option_callback(self.sock, cmd, opt)
                         else:
-                            self.sock.sendall(IAC + WONT + opt)
+                            self.sock.sendall(bytes(IAC + WONT + opt, 'ascii'))
                     elif cmd in (WILL, WONT):
                         self.msg('IAC %s %d',
                             cmd == WILL and 'WILL' or 'WONT', ord(opt))
                         if self.option_callback:
                             self.option_callback(self.sock, cmd, opt)
                         else:
-                            self.sock.sendall(IAC + DONT + opt)
+                            self.sock.sendall(bytes(IAC + DONT + opt, 'ascii'))
         except EOFError: # raised by self.rawq_getchar()
-            self.iacseq = '' # Reset on EOF
+            self.iacseq = b'' # Reset on EOF
             self.sb = 0
             pass
         self.cookedq = self.cookedq + buf[0]
             self.fill_rawq()
             if self.eof:
                 raise EOFError
-        c = self.rawq[self.irawq]
+        c = self.rawq[self.irawq:self.irawq+1]
         self.irawq = self.irawq + 1
         if self.irawq >= len(self.rawq):
-            self.rawq = ''
+            self.rawq = b''
             self.irawq = 0
         return c
 
 
         """
         if self.irawq >= len(self.rawq):
-            self.rawq = ''
+            self.rawq = b''
             self.irawq = 0
         # The buffer size should be fairly small so as to avoid quadratic
         # behavior in process_rawq() above
                 try:
                     text = self.read_eager()
                 except EOFError:
-                    print '*** Connection closed by remote host ***'
+                    print ('*** Connection closed by remote host ***')
                     break
                 if text:
                     sys.stdout.write(text)
             try:
                 data = self.read_eager()
             except EOFError:
-                print '*** Connection closed by remote host ***'
+                print ('*** Connection closed by remote host ***')
                 return
             if data:
                 sys.stdout.write(data)